Definition and Examples of Modifiers in English Grammar

Definition and Examples of Modifiers in English Grammar In English syntax, a modifier is aâ word, expression, or condition that capacities as a descriptor or qualifier to give extra data about another word or word gathering (called the head). A modifier is otherwise called an assistant. As delineated beneath, modifiers in English incorporate descriptors, verb modifiers, demonstratives, possessive determiners, prepositional expressions, degree modifiers, and intensifiers.â Modifiers that show up before the head are called premodifiers, while modifiers that show up after the head are called postmodifiers. Modifiers might be either prohibitive (basic to the significance of a sentence) or nonrestrictive (extra however not fundamental components in a sentence). Instances of Different Modifier Usage Such a large number of syntax terms in succession? Lets take a gander at certain models. Authors Gà ¼nter Radden and Renã © Dirvenâ illustrate the sorts with the most widely recognized ways that passing modifiers are utilized in Cognitive English Grammar. In all the models here, the qualifiers alter the word analyst and are in italics: (4a) Hercule Poirot is a brilliant detective.(4b) Agatha Christiesâ detective Poirot is a legend everywhere throughout the world.(4c) The detectiveâ with the waxed moustacheâ solves theâ most bafflingâ cases.(4d) Hercule Poirot is theâ famousâ detectiveâ created by the English riddle author Agatha Christie.(4e) Poirot is a detectiveâ who has come to England as a war refugee.In sentence (4a), the adjectiveâ brilliantâ modifies theâ predicate noun detective.In sentence (4b), the head nounâ detectiveâ is changed by the complexâ noun phrase Agatha Christies, where theâ genitiveâ morphemeâ sâ expresses the connection of possession.In sentence (4c), the nounâ a detectiveâ is altered by theâ prepositional phraseâ with the waxed moustache.In sentence (4d), twoâ nonrestrictiveâ modifiers are added to qualify the definiteâ referentâ detective: the adjectiveâ famousâ and theâ participial phraseâ created by the English secret essayist Agatha Christie.In s entence (4e),â a detectiveâ is adjusted by aâ relative proviso. Extra Examples of Modifier Types We could go further, to delineate extra examples:â Hercule Poirot is a great investigator. The word truly speaks to an intensifier for the modifier great. Truly is a modifier, as it is adjusting a descriptive word. Hercule Poirot is that criminologist. The word that is expressive. It recognizes Poirot from in any event one other analyst. Hercule Poirot is the investigator whos not wearing a deerstalker cap. The clauseâ is prohibitive. The condition is basic to know which criminologist Poirot is, apparently from in any event one analyst who is wearing a deerstalker cap. The case wasâ almostâ solved. The degree modifier (an intensifier) shows the amount of the case was explained. Rather than increasing, degree modifiers qualify by giving how much something is, similar to somebody being genuinely certain about something. Wearing a deerstalker cap, the killer was gotten by Sherlock Holmes. This statement speaks to a lost modifierâ because it puts the cap on the killers head rather than Holmes. On the off chance that there were no subject of the sentence (disposing of by Sherlock Holmes), the initial expression would be aâ dangling modifier. Scarcely any analysts wear deerstalker caps. Few is aâ quantifier, telling what number of. Both Hercule Poirot and Sherlock homes are notable analysts. The modifier is aâ compound descriptive word. Source Radden, Gã ¼nter. Intellectual English Grammar. Intellectual Linguistics in Practice, Renã © Dirven, second Edition, John Benjamins Publishing Company, July 5, 2007.

Egypt Essays - Egyptian Mythology, Ancient Egyptian Religion

Egypt Essays - Egyptian Mythology, Ancient Egyptian Religion Egypt Over 5,000 years back, numerous extraordinary human advancements thrived with incredible force all through parts of Egypt and Southwest Asia. Because of their bewildering land marks (a significant number of them despite everything erect), to there incredible capacity to get sciences and math, and to their religion that is as yet polished by many; The Egyptian Progress is the most popular. The Nile River Valley, and the hot, immense desert that is sprinkled with a couple of little desert gardens, was once home to these people more than 5,000 yeas back. These Egyptians manufactured many astounding structures while they settled along the Nile. A considerable lot of these incredible structures (counting the pyramids), are as yet standing tall and glad as could be. The tremendous earthy pyramids are the last resting spot of the pharaohs, or rulers. Today individuals run from everywhere throughout the world to see these incredible masterpieces. Another of the structures that still stands is the Sphinx. The Sphinx is a sculpture worked by the old Egyptians numerous years prior. The Summarians, the neighbors to the Egyptians, likewise had structures which despite everything stand. They had Ziggurats. One of these structures that is standing today is the Khuzistan. These immense layered structures where not tombs however. These were sanctuaries that where worked to draw nearer to paradise. The Egyptians likewise created geometry, and they had surprising logical information for their time. They utilized geometry to assist them with building the pyramids and to reestablish limits of fields after the incredible flood that they had once every year. Their science information about the human body permitted them to treat sicknesses superior to any known antiquated human progress. They likewise had the capacity to protect assortments of the dead. This safeguarding is called embalmment. With out this, we were unable to know such a great amount about them. Their conservations of their incredible pharos permit us to see them nearly as they looked 5,000 years prior. In any case, they weren?t the main ones to make logical disclosures; however, they were maybe the best ones at doing it. Summarians are believed to be the ones who created the truly necessary, round wheel. Likewise, the Chaldeans made a figuring of the length of the year to inside seven little minutes! The Egyptian religion changed many occasions over it?s improvement. Portions of the religion is as yet polished by some today. Before Amenhoptop became pharaoh, the Egyptians had faith in numerous divine beings, or polytheism. Amenhoptop attempted to change their religion to monotheism, of having confidence in one fundamental god. He did this by making the sun god, Aton, the primary god. This was to attempt to make the minister have less force. This made the minister chafed with Amenhoptop. When Amenhoptop passed on, the procedure pharaoh, Tutankhamen (King Tutt), transformed it back to polytheism. Their religion moreover accepted that everybody had an existence in the wake of death. They imagined that protecting the body would make the soul more joyful. Before an individual could go to ?paradise? he needed to go to the Realm of the Dead. There he was thought to enter the Hall of the Truth. Here he should tell the god Osrisus the sort of life he had lived. On the off chance that he had ever lied, killed or been exorbitantly glad he would be tossed to a shocking beast called ?the Eater of the dead?. In the event that he had been acceptable, he could live ! with the sun god and appreciate everlasting satisfaction. This conviction helped numerous individuals be acceptable rather than fiendish. The Egyptian religion was fundamentally the same as the Persians?. The Persians imagined that great would be compensated and fiendishness would be rebuffed during a the hereafter. In any case, the Summarians didn't have a firm faith in the great beyond. The Egyptian development is genuinely the most thought about. It is actually a slick inclination to realize that we can in any case observe the tombs of their pharaohs, and even the pharos themselves that are protected and resemble they did when they lived. We likewise still have individuals practice their religion following a long time since it?s starting. The Egyptians were simply astounding them selves.

The Spotlight Effect and Social Anxiety

The Spotlight Effect and Social Anxiety Social Anxiety Disorder Symptoms Print The Spotlight Effect and Social Anxiety Not Everyone Is Staring at You By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Updated on December 07, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Getty / Yuval Navot / EyeEm The spotlight effect is a term used by social psychologists to refer to the tendency we have to overestimate how much other people notice about us. In other words, we tend to think there is a spotlight on us at all times, highlighting all of our mistakes or flaws, for all the world to see. For people with social anxiety, the spotlight effect can be much worse, to the point that it has an effect on your ability to work or feel comfortable around other people. What Does the Spotlight Effect Feel Like? It is not uncommon to find yourself feeling embarrassed. However, for people with social anxiety, this feeling can be overemphasized. For example, if you wake up late and go to work with disheveled hair, you may be convinced that everyone is noticing and secretly thinking badly of you. You may blush or try to hide from your coworkers, convinced that they are pitying or mocking you. It is believed that the spotlight effect comes from being overly self-conscious as well as not being able to put yourself in the shoes of the other person to realize that their perspective is different from yours. How Does the Spotlight Effect Worsen Social Anxiety? All people, but especially those with social anxiety, are very focused on themselves, their actions, and their appearance and believe that everyone else is just as aware. Being aware of the spotlight effect can help to lessen nervousness or embarrassment  in social situations. If you can get to the point that you realize nobody is really paying attention to you, then you will stop worrying so much about it. However, for those with social anxiety, it can be much more difficult to recognize this fact and overcome anxiety linked to the spotlight effect.   Social anxiety is much more than just nervousness. It reflects differences in brain activity and reactions to your environment. With social anxiety, you may know that your feelings are irrational, but you cant change how you feel. An Overview of Social Anxiety Disorder Treatment The spotlight effect can be debilitating if you have social anxiety, making every situation more fear-inducing and intimidating. However, symptoms of social anxiety, including the spotlight effect, can be treated with a combination of therapy and medications. Cognitive behavioral therapy with a therapist specializing in social anxiety can help you correct your negative thought patterns. Some medications, such as antidepressants,  may be prescribed to help you ward off feelings of dread, helplessness, and doubt. You can also practice exercises learned in therapy to help you manage your daily activities, giving you more confidence and fewer feelings of embarrassment.   Tips for Overcoming a Fear of Being the Center of Attention Overcoming the Spotlight Effect on Your Own One way to work on overcoming the spotlight effect is to test your belief that other people are noticing and evaluating you. To do this, its helpful to understand a concept identified through research termed the illusion of transparency, which asserts that people tend to think that their internal state is visible to others when it truly is not. While it may feel as though everyone knows what you are thinking about yourself, in actuality nobody has this ability to read your mind. You can overcome the spotlight effect by focusing your attention outward and noticing other peoples reactions to you. This will both help you to stop focusing inward on your anxiety, as well as notice how little other people are actually paying attention to you. Once you can see that people really are all caught up in their own situations, it will become easier to imagine that the spotlight is not shining on you and highlighting your flaws. The Best Self-Help Strategies for Social Anxiety Disorder Research A 1999 study showed that the spotlight effect was specific to social-evaluative concerns whereas the illusion of transparency was related to more general social anxiety. This suggests that in situations in which you perceive that you are being evaluated, or where there is pressure for others to like you, the spotlight effect may be more of a concern. A Word From Verywell If you find yourself grappling with nervousness or shame on a regular basis, talk with a therapist or your doctor to discuss potential treatment options, including talk therapy and medication. With intervention from a trained professional, you can be empowered to manage social anxiety and lead a richer life.

The Souls Of Black Folk And Three Negro Classics - 1158 Words

The Souls of Black Folk and Three Negro Classics are stories of the new class of taught African Americans that perform duties. Du Bois said â€Å"I taught school in the hills of Tennessee where the broad dark vale of the Mississippi begins to roll and crumple to greet the Alleghenies† (253). That they found themselves able to ace this world but hold relationship for the untaught masses gave an illustration to other instructed African Americans of how to handle the issue of the covering that separated the lives of whites and African Americans. The stories of these show the changed in the education of African American as Du Bois explores; proving to make do with the learning and surviving of this contrast is one of the huge commitments of The Souls of Black Folk and Three Negro Classics. Every chapter is introduced by an illustration from a great poet, at times in the language of the initially, and under every illustration is a bar of music from a thoughtful author Du Bois calle d such music Divine Songs. Du Bois college at Fisk University, was very well known for making the domain mindful of these melodies by having its gospel choir travel to Europe and the United States singing what had been the statement of slaves; the integration of the bar of this music in a composed structure was accordingly a declaration of social awareness. â€Å"When they were past, I came by chance once more to the walls of Fisk University, to the halls of the chapel of melody† said Du Bois. (258) TheShow MoreRelatedThe Souls of Black Folk1595 Words   |  7 Pagesthe text of The Souls of Black Folk embodies Du Bois experience of duality as well as his peoples. In Du Bois Forethought to his essay collection, The Souls of Black Folk, he entreats the reader to receive his book in an attempt to understand the world of African Americans—in effect the souls of black folk. Implicit in this appeal is the assumption that the author is capable of representing an entire people. This presumption comes out of Du Bois own dual nature as a black man who has livedRead More W.E.B. DuBoiss Thoughts on Education Essay740 Words   |  3 PagesW.E.B. DuBois’s Thoughts on Education The Souls of Black Folk, written by W.E.B DuBois is a collection of autobiographical and historical essays containing many themes. DuBois introduced the notion of â€Å"twoness†, a divided awareness of one’s identity. â€Å"One ever feels his two-ness – an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled stirrings: two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keep it from being torn asunder† (215). There are many underlying themesRead MoreW.E.B Dubois Thoughts on Education Essay762 Words   |  4 PagesW. E. B DuBoiss thoughts on education The Souls of Black Folk, written by W.E.B DuBois is a collection of autobiographical and historical essays containing many themes. DuBois introduced the notion of twoness, a divided awareness of ones identity. One ever feels his two-ness Ââ€" an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled stirrings: two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keep it from being torn asunder (215). There are many underlying themesRead MoreEssay on William E.B. Dubois1164 Words   |  5 Pages Furthermore, he was disillusioned by his unfulfillment of American ideals. Establishing an identity for DuBois was extremely complex, and in his classic piece,The Souls of Black Folk, published in 1903, he developed the idea of double consciousness, a concept which has haunted the African American since the sixteenth century. ...the Negro is a sort of seventh son, born with a veil, and gifted with a second-sight in this American world,- a world which yields him no true self consciousnessRead MoreDouble Consciousness1491 Words   |  6 Pagesupbringing and education. Similarly, the term the veil refers to the physical and metaphysical differences between blacks and whites. These expressions originated from an Atlantic Monthly article by W. E. B. Du Bois called â€Å"Strivings of the Negro People,† which was later republished and amended under the title â€Å"Of Our Spiritual Strivings† in his famous 1903 collection of essays The Souls of Black Folk. It is interesting to note some of the ways Du Bois was ahead of his time. In the introduction to â€Å"Of OurRead MoreEssay on Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. DuBoise1610 Words   |  7 PagesBooker T. Washington and W. E. B. DuBoise Booker T. Washington believed that blacks should not push to attain equal civil and political rights with whites. That it was best to concentrate on improving their economic skills and the quality of their character. The burden of improvement resting squarely on the shoulders of the black man. Eventually they would earn the respect and love of the white man, and civil and political rights would be accrued as a matter of course. This was a very non-threateningRead MoreThe Magnificent Style Of Writing By. B. Dubois1382 Words   |  6 PagesWriting by W.E.B. Dubois in The Souls of Black Folk. The Souls of Black Folk is an instant classic when it is read, and it was a very important part of literature for black civil rights. The text talks about how blacks were treated in Post-Civil War America, what education they needed, how blacks were not yet Americans, short stories, and Negro Spirituals. The actual text is a collection of thirteen essays, and a short story written by Dubois. The book also contains Negro Spirituals to tell the readerRead More The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B Dubois Essay3329 Words   |  14 Pages The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B Dubois The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B Dubois is a influential work in African American literature and is an American classic. In this book Dubois proposes that the problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of the color-line. His concepts of life behind the veil of race and the resulting double-consciousness, this sense of always looking at ones self through the eyes of others, have become touchstones for thinking about race in America. In additionRead MoreAmerica Is Not America Without The People Of Color1930 Words   |  8 PagesAmerica is not America Without the People of Color In reading through the works of Zora Neale Hurston, W. E. B. DuBois, and Booker T. Washington, I traveled back in time and felt the pain and suffering of the black folks from the past. The three authors completed their works to the best of their understanding, experiences, and chosen disposition to the matter. While the tones and messages of their works differed from one another, addressing various issues at specific levels of either favouring itRead MoreAssata Shakur Response Paper664 Words   |  3 Pagescommentary out of all of the activists that we have discussed. One can sense her urgency for the unity of black people and how her past experiences shaped her into the person she is today. In Assata: An Autobiography, some of her most intriguing comments were the comments about self-hatred in the black community. She is adamant about addressing and fixing the self hate among black people. However, though attempts have been made by organizations such as the BPP, activists like Malcolm

Essay on Social Stratification

By definition, social stratification is the system by which the society ranks different classes of people in a hierarchy based on their wealth, power and prestige or status. Social stratification fundamentally dictates the distribution of resources and opportunities in the society. Unfortunately, stratification inspires inequality because every individual in society is judged and condemned according to their social class, language and ethnicity, gender and age, and place. There is unequal distribution of primary valued resources, influence, interpersonal regard and personal freedom between members of a particular society reflecting their position in the societal hierarchy. According to Grusky, Ku, Szelà ©nyi, 2008(p. 34), opportunities that individuals get to engage in certain activities, and the chances that they have to accomplish certain goals, depends on where they are located in the social hierarchy. People are distinctly divided into groupings and their lives revolve around th ese classifications. There are certain things that some people can or cannot do, simply because their situation in life prevents them from being able perform certain tasks. All societies stratify in regard to sexuality. Tasks and activities are assigned differently in various cultures and they change over time, ruled by stereotypes which are basically deeply rooted ideologies about the characteristics and conduct of men and women. In the current job market there are some occupations that are seen not to be cut for women such as engineering or other physical demanding jobs. Women are deemed as the weaker sex and therefore perceived as not being competent enough to undertake some jobs that were initially believed to be for men. Women are perceived as subordinate to men and their roles and value in society differ greatly. Unfortunately for most cultures the role of women is seen as child-bearing and nurturing a home. Ironically there exists a bank policy that advices against lending to single women and Afri can Americans terming it a poor lending risk as compared to men. Women and minority groups have been segregated and ultimately denied valuable opportunity and equality for the smooth running of operations in a society. To add to that, science subjects in schools are stereotypically believed to be ‘too difficult’ for the girl-child. In regard to racial stratification, certain races are deemed superior to others all over the world. In the United States for instance, the white majority influence overrides all other racial groups in a country believed to be civilized, free and fair. The black minority seems to be at the centre of prejudice, and suffer from substandard healthcare and low paying jobs. Most of black children have to be content with community schooling and those who get better education struggle through it. Furthermore, according to Grusky, 1994 (p. 13) in the event of a crime, there is a higher likelihood of black people being arrested in the vicinity as compared to any other racial group. Additionally, there is a 50% higher chance of death penalty in a court case that involves a white victim and a black defendant. This only serves to show how the society today has been prejudiced. Ethnicity on the other hand is primarily associated with particular languages, historical events, places, and family background. Certain groups of people are stratified based on their descent and association with a particular territory, economic activities and lifestyle. One perfect example is the Red Indians of the USA. Ironically, this group of people have been in the US for centuries as the original home. However, their social status is subdued and they have limited access to valuable resources such as employment, healthcare, education and even political say in the current administration. The Red Indians are not perceived as being civilized enough to have a say on how the government is run. . Their chances of success are very slim and so is their position in society. The society entertains a subjective belief that people from different ethnic backgrounds should face important consequences in the formation of the political community (Fink, 2002, pp. 19-25). Finally, in Britain, sociologists argue that social stratification is basically as a result of the difference in the spending behaviour of its people. They argue that this is caused by the inequalities in the income earned which is directly linked to occupation and the living standards of the citizens. Specifically, Jackson (2010, pp. 133-138) contends basing on the researches conducted by D’Aeth that, there are seven social strata in which the Britons lie within; A, B, C, D, E, F and G. He argues that all these strata are based on â€Å"occupation, income, housing, social customs and what might be called intellectual ability†. In strata or class â€Å"C†, he classifies individuals: Who live in a five-bed roomed house with a guest room and who are skilled workers for example, foreman, officers and clerks; who set their tables for meals; whose children visit their guardians over the weekends and those individuals whose minds are crafty and not really very intellig ent. Secondly, in group â€Å"D† are shopkeepers, clerks, printers, tradesmen and a few printers. They actually have a higher intelligence level, social life and technical skills as compared to those in groups A, B and C. Finally, those in groups E, F and G had better social, intelligence and intellectual levels as compared to the rest. References David B. Grusky, Manwai C. Ku, Szonja Szelà ©nyi 2008, Social stratification: class, race, and gender in sociological perspective, Colorado, USA: Westview Press. Grusky, D 1994, Social Stratification: class, race, and gender in sociological perspective, Colorado, USA: Westview Press. Fink, G 2000, â€Å"Social Stratification and Health: Education’s Benefit beyond Economic Status and Social Origins†, Encyclopaedia of Stress, Orlando, Florida: Academic Press, pp. 19-32. Jackson, J. A 2010 â€Å"Some Measurement of Social Stratification in Britain†, Social Studies, New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 133-138.

Great White Shark Free Essays

The great white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, also known as the great white, white pointer, white shark, or white death, is a species of large lamniform shark which can be found in the coastal surface waters of all the major oceans. The great white shark is mainly known for its size, with the largest individuals known to have approached or exceeded in length, and in weight. This shark reaches its maturity around 15 years of age and can have a life span of over 30 years. We will write a custom essay sample on Great White Shark or any similar topic only for you Order Now The great white shark is arguably the world’s largest known extant macropredatory fish, and is one of the primary predators of marine mammals. It is also known to prey upon a variety of other marine animals, including fish and seabirds. It is the only known surviving species of its genus Carcharodon, and is ranked first in having the most attacks on humans. The IUCN list the great white shark as a vulnerable species, while it is included in Appendix II of CITES. The bestselling novel Jaws by Peter Benchley and the subsequent blockbuster film by Steven Spielberg depicted the great white shark as a â€Å"ferocious man eater†. In reality, humans are not the preferred prey of the great white shark. Taxonomy In 1758, Carolus Linnaeus gave the great white shark its first scientific name, Squalus carcharias. Later, Sir Andrew Smith gave it Carcharodon as its generic name in 1833, and also in 1873. The generic name was identified with Linnaeus’ specific name and the current scientific name Carcharodon carcharias, was finalised. Carcharodon comes from the Greek words karcharos, which means sharp or jagged, and odous, which means tooth. Ancestry and fossil record The great white shark came into existence during the mid-Miocene epoch. The earliest known fossils of the great white shark are about 16 million years old. However, the phylogeny of the great white is still in dispute. The original hypothesis for the great white’s origins is that it shares a common ancestor with a prehistoric shark, such as the C. megalodon. Similarities among the physical remains and the extreme size of both the great white and C. megalodon led many scientists to believe these sharks were closely related, and the name Carcharodon megalodon was applied to the latter. However, a new hypothesis proposes that the C. megalodon and the great white re distant relatives . The great white is also more closely related to an ancient mako shark, Isurus hastalis, than to the C. megalodon, a theory that seems to be supported with the discovery of a complete set of jaws with 222 teeth and 45 vertebrae of the extinct transitional species Carcharodon hubbelli in 1988 and published on November 14, 2012. In addition, the new hypothesis assigns C. m egalodon to the genus Carcharocles, which also comprises the other megatoothed sharks; Otodus obliquus is the ancient representative of the extinct Carcharocles lineage. How to cite Great White Shark, Papers

Management Can Be Defined As the Formulation and Implementation

Question: How management can be defined as the formulation and implementation? Answer: Introduction Strategic management can be defined as the formulation and implementation of the main goals and initiatives taken by the senior management of the company. Strategic management is important as it provides several advantages to the firm. The companies can assess the internal and external environment so that they can take care of the adverse situations and turn them into probable opportunities (Qian and Xing 2016). The aim of this report is to assess the two videos- What is Strategy and Business Model Innovation. Strategic management also adds to the reputation of the organization because of consistency that results from organizations success (Ackermann and Eden 2014). Strategy David Kryscynski helps everyone look at the basics of strategic management. According to Kryscynski (2015), strategy and tactic are different from one another. The terms are used frequently, where tactics mean the actions to reach a particular point and strategy is defined is a game plan that helps an organization achieve its mission. Kryscynski (2015) explains how Sun Tzu, a military strategist was recognized for his Art of War. He believed that strategy without tactics is the slowest route to victory (Jackson 2014). Therefore, there are four main questions that can be answered for applying the concepts of competitive advantage. Firstly, the firms need to figure out where they should compete. Secondly, the firms must assess what unique value they bring in. Thirdly, the firm need to assess the resources and capabilities should be utilized. Lastly, the firms need to determine ways to sustain their unique value. Kryscynski (2015) takes IKEA as an example where the choice of markets is offered to the customers. Kryscynski (2015) mentions about the strategies suggested by Henry Mintzberg: Intended emergent and realized strategy. Therefore, strategy is considered as something that is actually done and not just intend. Timing of implementing the strategy is important, as it can be a dud if staging time fails. For instance, the concepts and strategies can be applied to Starbucks. Starbucks is an American coffee company that offers the highest coffee quality (Starbucks.com 2017). Starbucks applies the concepts of competitive advantage. Answering the first key question, Starbucks determines the markets in which it needs to compete (Qian and Xing 2016). As it is a premium brand coffee chain, the brand continues to stay active in the urban geographical markets that have high demand. Secondly, Starbucks applies the concept of competitive advantage by offering unique value. Starbucks not just offers the best coffee to its customers, but they enhance customer experience by offering free internet, offers and promotions (Hinterhuber and Liozu 2014). Thirdly, Starbucks utilize several resources and capabilities such as venues, coffee machine, nice furniture for seating, decor and music (Qian and Xing 2016). Lastly, Starbucks focuses on understanding the factors that helps them to continue to win. St arbucks maintains outright prices and offers sustainability in every aspect that helps them sustain value. Starbucks offers recyclable cups and other corporate responsibility strategies to sustain its value in the marketplace (West, Ford and Ibrahim 2015). Business Model Innovation According to Youtube (2013), innovation comprises of rethinking the business model. Innovation increases customer value or lowers the cost thereby increasing competitive advantage. The author points put the three common misconceptions about innovation- firstly, innovation stems from ideas nobody has had before; secondly, innovation require big resources; lastly, innovation is always based on fascinating technologies. Successful innovators learn to recombine factors so that it can lead to innovation (Youtube 2013). A successful business model has four main aspects: Who is your target customer? What do you offer them? How do you create value proposition? How do you generate revenue? A successful innovator needs to change at least two of the above aspects (Youtube 2013). Innovation is considered as creative imitation and revolution of the industry. Innovation is not necessarily about new technology (Qian and Xing 2016). A firm can follow four main steps for innovation- initiation, ideat ion, integration and implementation (Youtube 2013). Firstly, in initiation, the current business scenario is analysed where the customers are targeted. Secondly, in ideation new models are developed and lessons are learned from others. Thirdly, in integration, the firms check consistency of business model. Lastly, the innovation model is implemented by taking care of the organizational behaviour, clear communication, key performance indicators and implementing only one business model at a time (Youtube 2013). For instance, Google, an American technology company is one of the greatest and profitable companies across the world. The organizational success has stemmed from innovation and extraordinary management practices. The group of employees is small but it brings people together for innovation. Google has innovated Google Cafes that encourage interactions between employees and other teams (Hinterhuber and Liozu 2014). Google has innovated Google Moderator that lets anyone ask question and create a new series for ideas. Google can further benefit from the concepts stated above. The current scenario can be analysed by the firm. The target market can be chosen as the advertiser so that they can put up their ads and attract customers (Hinterhuber and Liozu 2014). The tools like search engine optimization and search engine marketing can help the advertisers attract a wider base of customers. Therefore, the company can launch new products or tools by enhancing positive behaviour among its empl oyees. Google manages innovation strategy in a rapidly changing environment. They can challenge the conventional management thinking and lead to innovations (Gamble, Peteraf and Thompson 2015). Conclusion Conclusively, strategic management is important as it provides several advantages to the firm. Starbucks applies the concepts of competitive advantage. As it is a premium brand coffee chain, the brand continues to stay active in the urban geographical markets that have high demand. Starbucks maintains outright prices and offers sustainability in every aspect that helps them sustain value. Successful innovators learn to recombine factors so that it can lead to innovation. Google has innovated Google Cafes that encourage interactions between employees and other teams. Google has innovated Google Cafes that encourage interactions between employees and other teams. References Ackermann, F. and Eden, C., 2014.Making strategy. 1st ed. London: SAGE. Gamble, J., Peteraf, M. and Thompson, A., 2015.Essentials of strategic management. 1st ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. Hinterhuber, A. and Liozu, S., 2014. Is innovation in pricing your next source of competitive advantage?.Business Horizons, 57(3), pp.413-423. Jackson, E., 2014.Sun Tzu's 31 Best Pieces Of Leadership Advice. [online] Forbes.com. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/ericjackson/2014/05/23/sun-tzus-33-best-pieces-of-leadership-advice/#73a71695e5ef [Accessed 29 Apr. 2017]. Kryscynski, D., 2015.What is Strategy?. [online] YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TD7WSLeQtVw [Accessed 29 Apr. 2017]. Starbucks.com, 2017.Company Information. [online] Starbucks Coffee Company. Available at: https://www.starbucks.com/about-us/company-information [Accessed 29 Apr. 2017]. West, D., Ford, J. and Ibrahim, E., 2015.Strategic marketing. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Youtube, 2013.Business Model Innovation. [online] YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4ZSGQW0UMI [Accessed 29 Apr. 2017].