Greed Caused the American Civil War Essay - 2303 Words

Of the seven deadly sins, the one that has plagued the United States the most throughout its history is greed.. Greed -- i.e., the excessive desire to possess wealth or goods with the intention of keeping it for oneself. – can be seen in 1614, when Thomas Hunt sailed to Spain from his expedition in America with a ship packed with Patuxet Indians, bound to be sold into slavery. It can also be seen in 1773 as a major factor of the Boston Tea Party, where King George III was yearning for more control over colonial governments and hungry for the revenue from it. Greed can also be seen in 1830 during the Indian removal act, where President Andrew Jackson (backed by many other white Americans) signed a law that forced the five†¦show more content†¦President Jefferson Davis elaborated on this definition of states rights in his first address to the Confederate Congress when he said: â€Å"We protest solemnly in the face of mankind, that we desire peace at any sacrifice, save that of honor. In independence we seek no conquest, no aggrandizement, no concession of any kind from the states with which we have lately been confederated. All we ask is to be let alone – that those who never held power over us shall not now attempt our subjugation by arms. This we will, we must resist to the direst extremity. The moment that this pretension is abandoned, the sword will drop from our grasp, and we shall be ready to enter into treaties of amnesty and commerce that cannot but be mutually beneficial. So long as this pretension is maintained, with a firm reliance on that Divine Power which covers with its protection the just cause, we must continue to struggle for our inherent right to freedom, independence, and self government.† In this quote, Jefferson Davis outlines why the South believed that states’ rights served as the primary justification for the Civil War. He essentially says that southern states will gain independence by any means necessary, whether it be through peaceful means or bloodshed. These are fighting words, and in a literal sense, the Southern states’ swords are drawn and once they secede and gain states’ rights their â€Å"sword[s] will drop from [their] grasp[s]† (Jefferson Davis, First Confederate CongressShow MoreRelatedThe Decline Of The American Civil War938 Words   |  4 Pageshistory. The eastern half of America was in a great war that sparked the beginning of a rebellious overtaking of the entire country. The American Civil War was a major past time that has always underlined the late 1800’s with much death and ultimately the defeat of the South by the North. During this time, the western part of America was still inhabited by many native Indi an tribes that had lived in peace for many of years. After the civil war, expansion westward became the principal goal in theRead MoreTaking a Look at the American Civil War896 Words   |  4 PagesMany events during the mid-1700-1800s provoked the civil war because of the contradicting ideas between the northern states and the southern states. The conflict between the north and south that led to the civil war includes economic, social, and political events. At the meantime, slavery arose as a huge debate between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery faction. Fierce debates had sparked between the north and south states because of the southern states’ agrarian based economy. The geography in theRead MoreThe American Civil War : The Bloodiest And Most Gruesome War4070 Words   |  17 PagesIntroduction By all estimation, the American Civil War was considered to be the bloodiest and most gruesome war in American history. There are more US casualties involved in the American Civil War than US casualties in World War I II, Korean, and Vietnam War combined. Historians have discussed possible causes that led to the greatest separation among the American people. It is important to recognize the true causes behind this separation so that history does not repeat itself. It is importantRead MoreProtests That Were Heard Around The World Protests867 Words   |  4 PagesStates was vastly completed, an intensifying sense of greed began to take over the minds of governing officials, as it did in other modernizing countries. Wars began to dismiss civil and humanitarian explanations, and instead were focused on factors such as territorial expansion and possible resource prosperity. These factors were often held close to officials while the general population relied on misconceptions that we re created by media. The war that took place in Vietnam was certainly no exceptionRead MoreHis Chains Are Gone : Jim s Been Set Free?950 Words   |  4 PagesSet Free? The latter part of the nineteenth century saw civil war and the end of slavery in the United States. The post-Reconstruction years have been romanticized and popularized in the literary world and a nostalgic obsession followed those years of mayhem and political turmoil. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is one novel that has continued to make its literary mark, always controversial, to the curiosity of pre-civil war years of slavery in the South. Huckleberry Finn is anRead MoreBlack No More By George Schuyler797 Words   |  4 Pages Shortly after the civil war the fourteenth amendment was passed which granted citizenship to all individuals born or naturalized in America; this group included slaves both former and current. However, individuals of African American appearance would be treated like aliens in their own country for years to come. In the eighteen eighties Jim Crow Laws were passed that segregated Black individuals and often subjected them to humiliating conditions. These conditions exasperate and trouble all of theRead MoreIndustrialization after the Civil War1164 Words   |  5 PagesIndustrialization after the Civil War Industrialization during the 1860’s through the 1900’s caused many problems globally. Industrialization changed a lot in the US for Americans because it made it easier for citizens to do labor work, expanded capital for businesses and opened up many job opportunities for people. Although this was beneficial to the Americans it caused other problems to escalate, and caused many people to flee into the cities, as well as caused a differentiation between the richRead MoreA Working Polish Man Named Jurgis Rudkus1199 Words   |  5 Pagessocietal influences. -Thesis: Upton SInclair applied aspects of the Civil War in his novel with his views on the treatment of humanity through the use of symbolism, and the presentation of the conflict and resolution. Body Paragraphs Paragraph 1: 1P: The symbolism presented in the novel brings upon the relation of the oppression experienced by the immigrant workers and African American slaves laboring on farms during the Civil War era. E: â€Å"In these chutes the stream of animals was continuously, pressingRead MoreThe American Revolution And The Civil War1567 Words   |  7 Pages In the eyes of most, the American Revolution was a momentous event that shaped not only what would now be the America we know today but the whole world as well. However, this event had ramifications that affected the history of America for many years to come. In fact, many of those same ramifications led to what we know as the American Civil War. While it may be difficult to distinguish whether or not the Civil War was an inevitable consequence of the American Revolution due to lack of correlatingRead MoreThe Gilded Age : A Powerhouse Rose From The Ashes Of The Civil War871 Words   |  4 PagesProgressives in the Gilded Age The Gilded Age: A powerhouse rose from the ashes of the Civil War. From the Civil War until about 1896, the Gilded Age was born. The United States was going through an era of governmental, fiscal and societal restructuring. Gilded Age got its name because Mark Twain seen as a period where everything seemed to be well on the surface but beneath was a scheme of political dishonesty and self-indulgence. Around this time, the affluent upper class was created due to the

The Amendment Of The Fourteenth Amendment - 1875 Words

The Fourteenth Amendment stopped unlawful actions by states. It also gave Congress the power to enforce the amendment through new laws that benefited and were fair to everyone. The Fourteenth Amendment represents part of the extension of the power of the national government over the states. It has been cited in more court cases than any other part of the Constitution. It made it possible for new legislation that has protected the rights of many throughout the United States and has helped uphold equality. Although the language is simple it has caused lots of controversy over its interpretation. Beginning with the Slaughterhouse Cases, the Supreme Court has decided cases involving the Fourteenth Amendment by being selective about how to apply the most minimal rights needed to decide each case, and never really declaring that the Fourteenth Amendment protects all rights recognized by the Constitution. This has led to the adoption of selective incorporation and unremunerated rights. The Slaughterhouse Cases, 83 U.S. 36 (1873), was the Supreme Courts first time attempt to interpret the Fourteenth Amendment in its relation to peoples Constitutional rights. It was important in establishing the privileges and immunities clause. Ratification provided the Supreme Court with a way for protecting economic rights starting with overturning the Dred Scott v. Sanford case, 60 U.S. 393 (1857). The Amendment started out with the idea to make sure that blacks would not be denied theirShow MoreRelatedThe Amendment Of The Fourteenth Amendment1416 Words   |  6 PagesRepublican of Ohio had long been a believer in the idea of equal protection of the laws for all people, and was one of the leaders of the effort to pass the Fourteenth Amendment. While aware of the need to prove the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act with the Fourteenth Amendment, Bingham did not actually believe that the Fourteenth Amendment created any new rights. Rather, he believed that it created a new understanding of rights already in the Constitution. Bingham maintained that, â€Å"The†¦equalRead MoreThe Amendment And The Fourteenth Amendment Essay1458 Words   |  6 PagesNow Cometh Triginal D. Jackson in a Motion for Dismissal on the grounds of excessive Governmental Involvement and abuse of Fourth Amendment s right of the people to be secure in their persons the Fifth Amendment. Ninth Amendment, and the Fourteenth Amendment. First Amendment Protects: The First Amendment protects Mr. Jackson form use of hypnosis to create a criminal act. Schenck v. United States, 249 U.S. 47, 39 S.Ct. 247, 63 L.Ed.2d. (1919) Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444, 89 S.Ct. 1827,Read MoreThe Amendment Of The Fourteenth Amendment1532 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the thirteenth amendment, â€Å"neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.† The purpose of the thirteenth amendment was to end slavery or any form of involuntary servitude everywhere among the United States. There was new hope for African Americans throughout the country but unfortunately their freedom had a limit and coincidentallyRead MoreThe Fourteenth Amendment945 Words   |  4 PagesThe Fourteenth Amendment was ratified in 1868. This ratification altered the balance of state and federal power. It prevented state s from denying basic civil rights and gave Congress power to implement its assurance of liberty and equality. Despite that each state was required to approve the Fourteenth Amendment which granted â€Å"equal protection† of the Constitution to former slaves, the Ku Klux Klan did not honor this protection. Not only didn’t the Klan disregard the Fourteenth Amendment, theRead MoreThe Fourth Amendment And The Fourteenth Amendment987 Words   |  4 PagesCitizens are protected by two constitutional amendments, under the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution, any search of a person or his premises (including a vehicle), and any seizure of tangible evidence, must be reasonable. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularlyRead MoreThe Fourteenth And Fourteenth Amendment1018 Words   |  5 PagesThe Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendment Want to learn how everyone is equal? On May 17, 1954 the United States Supreme Court came to a decision that had immediate repercussions on the lives of black and white American citizens. Historic moment experiences have continually characterized these people into distinct racial and social entities. The thirteenth and fourteenth amendment had a positive affect on the problem of racism and segregation.The thirteenth amendment was created to abolishRead MoreThe Amendment Of The Fourteenth Amendment2237 Words   |  9 PagesThe Fourth Amendment Introduction The Bill of Rights are the first ten amendments from the United States Constitution. The Bill of Rights was written by James Madison on December 15, 1791. The purpose of the Bill of Rights is to address the rights of the individuals that the Constitution did not specified correctly and it also was written to protect the rights of the individuals liberties even if the majority wanted to take them away. In the Fourth Amendment of the U.S Constitution provides privacyRead MoreThe Second Amendment And The Fourteenth Amendment Essay2031 Words   |  9 PagesOut of the Twenty Seven Amendments in the American Constitution, the first ten known as the Bill of Rights, are arguably the most important to the American people. With the exception of the thirteenth and the fourteenth Amendments abolishing slavery and making ever persons born or naturalized in the United States a wholesome member of the United States and under the protection of the Constitution. The fourth Amendment is clear as it defines The right of the people are to be secure in their personsRead MoreThe Amendment Of The Fourteenth Amendment1438 Words   |  6 PagesOn January 31st, 1865, the 13th amendment was passed by congress. This amendment said that no one, not even those of differing colors, could be held as slaves (with the exception of prisoners). In short, this amendment freed the black slaves (and other races) of enslavement. Unfortunately though, the black slaves were never truly â€Å"free† for well over 100 years, as after the passing of the 13th amendment, they were repeatedly persecuted against, most notably in the southern United States. FurthermoreRead MoreThe Fourteenth Amendment1052 Words   |  5 PagesThe original writers of the Constitution had to have noticed the overlap in enumerated powers. Having only the Commerce Clause or only the Tenth Amendment would not harbor the best outcomes. Both are entirely necessary and exist to limit each other. Discretion is the deciding factor for determining which power trumps the other. In McColloch v. Maryland, for example, a state tax on the U.S. Bank would cause negative externalities against all citizens of other states. This is not in the best interest

Bundled Forecasts in Empirical Accounting Research

Question: Discuss about the Bundled Forecasts in Empirical Accounting Research. Answer: Introduction The given assignment reflects about the article Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research by Paul V Dunmore. The article reflects different aspects of positive accounting from a wide range approach instead of normal approach of profit after tax in financial statements. Several forms of complexity lie in the normal approach, which are in terms of over-dependence in hypothesis testing or giving no attention to the respective numerical parameters. In addition to this, it can be inferred that there are different forms of advantages and disadvantages of positive accounting theory as well. These are in the form of different assumptions of epistemology and ontology. The given assignment will throw light on the positive accounting theory described in the article. In addition to this, it will also reflect upon the significance of the given theoretical framework along with the given demerits of the selected article. Based on the significance and demerits of the article, appropriate conclusion of the article will be drawn. The article reflects about positive accounting theory approach which is associated to the world of accounting. Positive approach in accounting can be associated to scientific research approach in a broader manner (Gaffikin and Aitken 2014). Along with this, it can be further inferred that it reflects about the cause and affect relationships in an intellectual manner. It can be also inferred that the concept of positive accounting is yet to be utilized in the broader context of accounting. The characteristics of the theory can be explained from different articles of past authors who have studied in the field of auditing. With the help of these articles, it can be also inferred that the concept of positive accounting can be easily fitted in case of scientific approach. On the other hand, it can be further inferred that there is a direct correlation between positive accounting theory and normal science. In addition to this, theoretical induction cannot be considered as the tool to measu re the accuracy of the accounting theory. The given article Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research reflects about the four different classes of the relative theory. The author of the article has inferred that observations cannot help in case of any specific accounting theory. Due to this reason, a range of theories can be ascertained with the help of observations. This has been further described with the criteria given by Popper. The article has presented the broader sense of positive accounting considering a research program. This aims to develop accounting settings of human behaviour concentrating mainly on casual explanations and PAT existence in accounting. Poppers falsification criterion has been found to be a weaker method of statistical hypothesis testing. The positivist research program has been found to be extremely powerful, however, while implementing it, several deficiencies have been found. Therefore it can be said that the practical implementation of such research program is not useful. Some of the common problems that have been identified while practical implementations are the casual construction of theoretical model, inappropriate hypothesis testing, parameters numerical value having the lack of interest, warrant confidence having insufficient replication and finally theories explaining only qualitative data but not data testing. Through positive research approach, it has been found that scie ntific objectives were not achieved. Ultimately, the normal science description by Kuhn is found to fit positive accounting research through Kuhnian crisis and revolution. In addition to this, it can be further deduced that Popper has given different views in terms of logic behind statistical hypothesis. On the other hand, weakness of the same has also been reflected. A proper reason has also been justified for the same case as it has been seen that around 5 percent of the tests can be said to be rejected at 5% level of significance. In addition to this, the current article also reflects different concepts of ontology and epistemology with relation of hypothesis testing (Guthrie and Parker 2016). The article evaluates the aspects of positive accounting theory in relation to qualitative aspects of accounting. The given article also evaluates the importance of arriving into some kind of conclusion in case of carrying a quantitative research related to positive accounting theory. There is an extreme need for advanced theoretical models, which will reduce the vulnerability of the given variable of the research (Henderson et al. 2015). Several research questions are framed in the given research article. These are as follows:- To investigate whether positive research programme can be taken as an alternative to positive accounting theory To analyse whether positive research programme is fruitful in case of scientific analysis To critically evaluate different aspects ontology and its impact in the positive accounting research program. However, there are several research hypotheses that can be framed from the given study. These are as follows:- H0: There exists a universe and the existence is beyond the level of imagination of individuals H1: Every events in this universe is because of a reason and these reasons form the universe H2: Every happening in the universe could be observed and this is through vigilance in the observation H3: the basic urge in to analyze the universal observation that is the root of understanding the universe especially causation To analyze the first hypothesis there are different means of positive research that has been looked forward. It is noticed through different studies that the procedure of rational self interest amongst different groups for interaction is implied through different theories of accounting. This emphasizes on express contracts. In order to test the second hypothesis the learner had to understand different perspectives of ontology an epistemology. This sheds light on the fact that the research conducted on positive research is not the same as accounting research. In this context, it was stated by () that most of the events have random occurrence in universe or maybe due to the result of intervention. In the third hypothesis, the researcher or the learner would validate the research through hypothesis testing and falsification. Careful observation is the prime need as per the theories that would be helpful in dealing preliminary ideas of the research. As per () the formal theory that can be formulated would help in getting consistent performance on testable participants. This would serve as the empirical evidence for the research. The anticipations of the new theory would be checked along with the new observations. In such situation, it is important to consider the old theories and the new theories. The above steps and the theories are to be analyzed to come to a conclusion. This would enrich the findings of the research. In order to test the final hypothesis it important to note that all the models is to be accurately and precisely tested. This should be in terms of the specific focus on the measurement. In this aspect, it was stated by Deegan (2016), it is justified that mapping the casual occurrence in the universe is pivotal. Hence, the formulation of the hypothesis would be further tested with the help of the literature review. Positive research as found in accounting In various kinds of companies or organizations balance self respect amount different groups is the outcome of any accounting phenomena. The accounting choices of the managers, pricing decisions and the reporting are covered on the part of the auditors. In this regard Dyckman and Zeff (2015) opine that it is necessary to know the right decision in terms of investment. Information relayed to investment determines most of the activities of the managers. The risk of positive theory of accounting is lowered with the help of the rational behavior of the individuals. After going through all the facts and the decisions, it is decided that judgments in terms of performance evaluations and discretion play pivotal role. It is seen that the positive research and the associated program is wider with respect to the positive accounting theory. Scientific research in accounting is the final call that helps in gaining the right idea and insight to fruitfully analyze different causes (Gaffikin and Aitken 2014). Importance of an effective positive accounting research programme There is a need of an effective positive accounting research programme. This is mainly because, in case of different forms of vulnerable variables, more stringed hypothesis testing is required. In addition to this, it can be also inferred that formation of theoretical models requires different forms of analytical tools of modelling (Guthrie and Parker 2016). Needles, Powers and Crosson (2013) opine that the field of epistemology is based on scientific terms which are mainly aimed to explore different approaches related to the research. On the contrary, the concept of ontology reflects the activities of the given variables in accordance to the given question. Both these concepts are related to the positive accounting theory. The main problem of positive accounting theory is that there are several problems associated in case of exploring new form of experiences. Agency can be considered as another major problem in case of application of such theories in the field of accounting. Significance and Limitations of the article The given article provides deep insights of positive accounting theory from a wider point of view with respect to causal relations of human contact. It also throws light on different intellectual forms under scientific approach of accounting. In addition to this, it helps to establish cause and effect relationship in relation to human interactions in accounting. This can be further evaluated by providing a rational insight of scientific research methods. In addition to this, the article throws light upon the various merits of a positive accounting theory programme. The participating accounting groups have further validated this. On the contrary, it can be further inferred that the given article has failed considerably to create a human awareness and participation with respect to accounting. There is no evidence of human data collection in the given article. In addition to this, there is no evidence of primary and secondary data in the article. There is a need of effective theoretical models which are more reliable in nature in terms of positive accounting theory. In addition to this, the article is based on inferences of past authors which are qualitative in nature. Due to lack of quantitative data, the feasibility of the article can be questioned. Another de-merit of the given article is that it is written in reflective format. This further interprets that the author has given his viewpoint based upon qualitative and secondary approach and ignored primary and quantitative data. However, the given article can be considered as significant in ter ms of importance of positive accounting theory. Conclusion It can be concluded that positive accounting theory has several merits and demerits presented in the given article. Positive accounting research programme has a wide range of importance with relation to scientific accounting theory. In addition to this, the given research article provides a deep insight of epistemology of positive research accounting theory in terms of diverse accounting practice. On the other hand, it is reflected that positive accounting research programme needs to focus on properly framed research hypothesis in order to avoid repetition in case of statistical analysis of a specific sample. It is also important to draw a conclusion from a particular hypothesis in order to get an accurate data according to the opinion of positive accounting theory. References Deegan, C., 2016. Twenty five years of social and environmental accounting research within Critical Perspectives of Accounting: Hits, misses and ways forward.Critical Perspectives on Accounting. Dyckman, T. R., and Zeff, S. A., 2015. Accounting Research: Past, Present, and Future.Abacus,51(4), pp.511-524. Gaffikin, M., and Aitken, M., 2014.The Development of Accounting Theory (RLE Accounting): Significant Contributors to Accounting Thought in the 20th Century. Routledge. Guthrie, J., and Parker, L. D., 2016. Whither the accounting profession, accountants and accounting researchers? Commentary and projections.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,29(1), pp.2-10. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K., and Howieson, B., 2015.Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Jones, S. (Ed.)., 2015.The routledge companion to financial accounting theory. Routledge. Jones, S., and Aiken, M., 2015. Evolution of early practice descriptive theory in accounting.The Routledge Companion to Financial Accounting Theory, p.91. Miller, P. and Power, M., 2013. Accounting, organizing, and economizing: Connecting accounting research and organization theory. Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), pp.557-605. Modell, S., 2015. Theoretical triangulation and pluralism in accounting research: a critical realist critique. Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, 28(7), pp.1138-1150. Needles, B.E., Powers, M. and Crosson, S.V., 2013. Principles of accounting. Cengage Learning. Rogers, J.L. and Van Buskirk, A., 2013. Bundled forecasts in empirical accounting research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 55(1), pp.43-65.

Sports Marketing free essay sample

You have to know who your consumers are, what they want and need and use this effectively as a sports marketer orientating the drive more toward the market, not the product (Sports Marketing: The motor that drives the sports business (2005)). There are four crucial elements that a sports marketer must consider when positioning their product to the needs and wants of the consumer. The four elements are emotion, experience, engagement and entertainment. The following report aims to show through various studies the importance of the four E’s in a marketing perspective, the way in which the four E’s are used at an organizational level in sports marketing and finally how this connects and effects the consumer of the product or sport. Engagement Engagement within sport is a key-determining factor in selling any sports brand or product. Recently the expansion of marketing sport through the use of media and different technologies is something many companies and organisations are implementing in order to move into the future and continue making profit. We will write a custom essay sample on Sports Marketing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Companies will aim to engage with customers on both a macro and micro environmental level using up-to-date technology. Companies can now utilize technology within the macro environment as it becomes more readily accessible and is continually progressing and evolving. Currently leading the way of the sporting tech movement is U. S giant, Nike. Nike is becoming highly recognised for launching consistent innovations, all of which are seemingly conceived to make athletes run faster and jump higher. One of the brand’s latest offerings is the Nike+ FuelBand (The New Economy, 2013). The Nike+ FuelBand is a way for Nike to further evolve the exciting possibilities of merging the physical and digital worlds. Nike has always been about inspiring athletes, and the Nike+ FuelBand will help motivate them in a simple, fun and intuitive way. † said Nike president and CEO Mark Parker at the Nike+ FuelBand launch event in New York in 2011. (The New Economy, 2013) Similarly, media is an e ssential component in the microenvironment of any sports business scheme. Sport businesses excel with the use of digital media by expressing a unique point of view to a range of different audiences. Online sports’ marketing has become the newest and most effective foundation for building fan communities for professional sports league and teams. With access to the Internet becoming more readily available, implementing both social and interactive online networks to build a larger fan base in the virtual world is important for a business to be successful. Websites are now including audio, video, podcasts and live broadcasts of league games (Ioakimidis, Marilou, 2010). Digital media intensifies an image or idea that the company is trying to convey through the use of stimulating music, bold letters and extravagant colors. This connects with an audience and although may not necessarily promote the brand it defiantly engages the audience and gives them something to remember. The image of a company is more important than the quality, quantity and price of any product, as this is the ‘brand’ a consumer is going to potentially buy, and no one wants to be a part of an unpopular brand. Companies also use other methods such as surveying, social media and enticements to engage with their audience. Experience The ultimate experience is created through sporting events, as they are intangible, subjective, inconsistent and unpredictable. (Shilbury, 2009). One of the major tasks facing sports marketers is maintaining the interest and attendance at sporting events. As there are many important variables in this decision process that are not under the direct control of the sports marketer such as the players performance or lack of competition in match, it is vital to ensure that fans enjoy a positive experience. It is necessary in an increasingly competitive and cluttered sporting landscape to strategically manage the variables that are under the control of sports marketers. It is essential to the sports marketer to understand which dimensions spectators perceive as important (Michael D. Clemes, 2011). Sport differs from other forms of entertainment in that it evokes high levels of emotional attachment (Milner, G. R. amp; Macdonald, M. A. 2012) For example, currenly in the NRL team The Cronulla Sharks have been involved in a lot of media speculation with the sacking of crucial staff members and several doping scandals undergoing investigation. An eye opening decision for the spectator was the sacking of head coach Shane Flanagan. The fans and spectators of this sport took to Facebook to petition Flanagan and two weeks later was reinstated I am here now and I am grateful for that. My focus now is on the players, Sundays game and the season ahead. It has been a tough couple of weeks for so many people. It has been terrible; it has been hard on family, friends and players. I am glad we have been able to sort this out,† said Shane Flanagan, head coach of The Cronulla Sharks during a recent press conference in 2013 (Waiter, B. amp; Proszenko, A. 2013) Consumers need to be able to immerse themselves in sport by feeling like they are part of the ongoing experience brought to life by the players, the game, the sport marketing strategies put into place, and the surrounding nvironment. Entertainment The sport industry is constantly evolving through the development of marketing and it has become a noticeable fact that there is high demand for sports to be entertaining. The purpose is to entertain the audience on multiple levels. The importance of this is shown through the atmosphere and the general feeling acquired when a spectator walks into a stadium. This is cr eated the minute the consumer arrives at the gates of a live game â€Å" we view ourselves as being an entertainment business. You want to keep the customer entertained from the time they set foot in your building until the time they leave† (Bandyopadhyay, Bottone. 1997). As sports is unpredictable the spectators and fans are never going to be certain as to what to expect when arriving to a sporting match, this leaves the sports marketer opportunity to create elements of surprise, such as live entertainment at half time. These spontaneous events heighten the consumer’s emotions and the games is both produced and consumed at the same time. This environment then creates live entertainment, leaving the spectators wanting more. The social context of a sporting event is highly important, as sports are a social occasion. If families and groups of friends find a game entertaining they will return again, bringing friends, buying compliments and also merchandise. This creates a happy consumer, and benefits not only the sport but also the marketing and other sections of the organization as a whole. Organizations need to be prepared to ensure that all aspects are covered and the spectators are kept entertained from the beginning. Techniques that are used to ensure this happens is having half time entertainment; from famous singers to cheerleaders, mascots and also larger display screens. This draws attention to other aspects of engagement other than that just of the game at hand, allowing the spectators to be fully engaged and entertained throughout the duration of the event. Emotion Emotion is a vital factor for sports marketers to consider when selling a product to their target market. As emotion sits at the top of the sports pyramid (Taylor, J. 2010) it dictates how the consumer feels about the product. An individual’s emotional state can influence various aspects of information processing such as evaluation and judgment (Kwak, DH, Kim, YK, Hirt, ER (2011)). This can result in either positive emotion or negative emotion, which has a direct impact on whether or not the consumer will buy the product, go to the sporting match, or continue to support there favorite team. When organizing an event a sports marketer must take into account the emotional attachment the fans and consumers of the particular sport have and channel this into their marketing strategies. Findings from various studies demonstrate the importance of studying emotion in sport consumer behavior (Kwak, DH, 2008) by understanding various functions of emotion it will help better understand the multifaceted and dynamic nature of fan-team relationship. When a favorable outcome occurs, such as a successful win for sporting team, it transfers to a higher influx of merchandise being purchased that is associated with this source such as wearing the team’s apparel. Effectively, if a sports marketer places advertisements on social mediums such as Facebook, findings suggest this acts as a crucial motivator of information and influencing future behavior (Kwak, DH, Kim, YK, Hirt, ER (2011). One of the most powerful advertising techniques is to connect the brand and consumer on an emotional level, for example ‘Nikes pervasive theme ‘success in sports’ focuses on a key emotional trigger and that has built sponsorships, advertising and business empires’ (Dooley, R. 2009). It is proven throughout these studies that for a sports marketer to be successful in there overall aim of maximizing profits they must understand the importance of the emotional connection the consumer has to particular product and sport and use this when creating their marketing mix to their target market. Conclusion It is evident that the 4 E’s of sports marketing are major contributing factors into the success of maximizing profit for any organisation. Engagement, experience, entertainment and emotion are most effective when you incorporate and utilize the major components of each within the marketing mix toward the target market. It is shown throughout the report that in order for the sports marketer to achieve this the consumer needs to be the focal point. The sports marketer can capture the emotion of the consumer through engaging with them through the entertainment they provide at a sporting match and give an overall positive and memorable experience. Bibliography Intro Sports Marketing: The motor that drives the sports business (2005) Retrieved on April 10, 2013. http://www. wharton. universia. net/index. cfm? fa=viewArticleamp;id=966amp;language=english Engagement